(I)GCSE Topic 3.4 Plant Fertilisation

-When the pollen grain lands on the Stigma, it travels down the pollen tube and enters the ovule.
-When the pollen grain fertilises with the ovule;
- Zygote will form and later the Zygotes will later divide and turn into an embryo.
- Seed coat called the Testa will form outside of the ovule.
- Cotyledons form inside the ovary, the Cotyledons store food for the seedlings.
- The wall of the ovary thickens because it starts to store foods such as protein, sugars etc. and starts to form a fruit.

(I)GCSE Topic 3.3 b) Wind Pollination

-Transfer of the pollen grain from the Anther to the Stigma through air, carried by the wind.

-Light weight pollen grains with a feature which allows them to move through the air more efficiently.

-Anthers will hang well clear over the basic flower structure so that they are exposed to the wind.

-Stigma have really large surface areas with a feature-like structure to catch the pollen grains as they pass through the air on the wind.

-No coulor, no scent, no nectaries needed to attract insects because they are wind pollinated.

(I)GCSE Topic 3.3 a) Insect-Pollination

-In the process of pollination, there has to be a transfer of pollen grains from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of another.

-Pollen is a small structure of the plant which contains the male neuclei.

-The transfer of Insect Pollination takes place by Insects. And so it is neccessary for the insect to be attracted by the first flower and have a reason to go into the second flower.

-The pollen of one plant going into another is called 'Cross Polination'.

-Things attracting the Insects: coloured petals, Scents, Value to the insect for going to the plant is food which is fructose/nectaties.

-Stamen is the male part of the plant which produces the pollen granes. The anther and the fillament form the stamen.

-The female part of the plant contains Stigme, Style, Ovary. This whole structure is called the CARPOL.