Sunday, September 4, 2011

Klinefelter's Syndrome


Interpreting the karyotype

Lab technicians compile karyotypes and then use a specific notation to characterize the karyotype. This notation includes the total number of chromosomes, the sex chromosomes, and any extra or missing autosomal chromosomes. For example, 47, XY, +18 indicates that the patient has 47 chromosomes, is a male, and has an extra autosomal chromosome 18. 46, XX is a female with a normal number of chromosomes. 47, XXY is a patient with an extra sex chromosome.
B 1. What notation would you use to characterize Patient B's karyotype?

Making a diagnosis

The next step is to either diagnose or rule out a chromosomal abnormality. In a patient with a normal number of chromosomes, each pair will have only two chromosomes. Having an extra or missing chromosome usually renders a fetus inviable. In cases where the fetus makes it to term, there are unique clinical features depending on which chromosome is affected. Listed below are some syndromes caused by an abnormal number of chromosomes.
B 2. What diagnosis would you give patient B?
DiagnosisChromosomal Abnormality
Normal # of chromosomespatient's problems are due to something other than an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Klinefelter's Syndromeone or more extra sex chromosomes (i.e., XXY)
Down's SyndromeTrisomy 21, extra chromosome 21
Trisomy 13 Syndromeextra chromosome 13

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